Pop song lyrics have undergone a significant transformation over the past five decades, becoming increasingly negative and simpler, according to a recent study. Researchers examined the lyrics of the top 100 most popular English-language songs in the United States from 1973 to 2023, as documented in the Billboard Hot 100. The findings, published in the journal Scientific Reports, indicate a complex relationship between music and the emotional landscape of society.
The research team, led by Dr. Maurício Martins from the University of Vienna, analyzed a total of 20,186 songs. Their analysis revealed a clear trend: lyrics have become more negative and simplistic, with a noticeable increase in stress-related vocabulary. This shift corresponds with rising levels of depression and anxiety, as well as a documented increase in negativity within media and literature, as highlighted in previous studies.
While the overall trend pointed to a decline in lyrical complexity, a notable change occurred from 2016 onwards. The researchers reported a resurgence in the popularity of songs featuring more complex lyrics. This shift did not correlate with changes in average household income but was linked to significant stressful events, including the 9/11 terror attacks and the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Dr. Martins stated, “These events were associated with lyrics becoming more complex and positive and containing fewer stress-related words.” This suggests that during challenging times, listeners may gravitate toward music that offers an escape, reflecting a desire for positivity and complexity in their emotional experiences.
The study underscores the dual role of music as both a reflection and a shaper of moods over time. Dr. Martins emphasized the need for further research to explore why the popularity of complex lyrics began to rise in 2016. As society continues to navigate its challenges, the evolving landscape of popular music may serve as a barometer for collective emotional states.
The findings reveal how artists respond creatively to societal stressors, potentially providing comfort and insight to listeners. As the music industry adapts, understanding these trends becomes increasingly vital for artists, producers, and fans alike.
